My giant map

Here is a big map I made its about 4 feet across and 2-3 feet tall. I colored all the countries with their flags .

Wind

Wind
Wind is moving air. Here is how it happens:
Wind is caused by the sun . The Sun heats the earth
and the warm air rises. Colder air fills the gap while
the warm air is cooling down . This makes a lot of
moving air which is wind! There are many types of
winds like Jet streams ( are fast moving streams of air
that move in circles around the earth ) , Constant winds
( Winds that are constant . The warm air moves toward
the poles and cools off ) and trade winds ( these winds
move toward the equator. ) 

Wind Energy
Pepole have been using wind as a power source for
ages. The first windmills were in Persia. they were
used for grinding wheat . These don't look like the
European windmills but they looked like eggbeaters.
The modern ones are not for grinding wheat but are
for making electricity. The wind turns the windmill
and a generator makes the movement into electricity.
In wind farm you can see lots of windmills.


Wind Storms
There are many storms made 
by wind like hurricanes and tornadoes 
  
Hurricanes
Are Storms made over hot water . The Hot water heats
the air . Then cold air fills the gap making a small storm
gather over the hot water. The storm grows in power as
it is moving over the hot water and winds fly over it .
When the winds are faster then 73 miles per hour it is a
Hurricane.

5 Over 157 mph
_|____________
4 130-156 mph
_|___________
3 111-129 mph
_|___________
2 96-110 mph
_|___________
1 74-95 mph


Hurricanes can do a lot of damage . When they hit land
they lat out their water as rain and have high winds.
Tornadoes  
Are fast winds in a whirling column .
They come out of thunderstorms . Th
ey can be very destructive . Tornadoes
are measured by something called the
Fujita scale

F0 | weak
F1 | medium
F2 | stronger
F3 | bad
F4 | destructive
F5 | Greatly destroying


Source: Brainpop

Earth and the atmosphere

Earth
Is the only know planet that has life. Why ? Here is your answer.
We are not to far away or to close to the sun ,making temperature
just right to live in. The atmosphere also helps . It traps the suns
 heat rays but deflects ray that could hurt us. The atmosphere is made
 up of gases that include oxygen and nitrogen . Many living things
need oxygen to survive including us :). There are 5 layers of the atmosphere
 (the higher you go the thinner the air gets)  they are :


The Exosphere_________________________________________
Is the highest and thinnest layer                                                                                                        

The Thermosphere   _____________________________________
Is the hottest layer. There is very thin air here to .

The Mesosphere ________________________________________
Here is where most meteors get dissolved. This is the coldest layer.

The Stratosphere________________________________________
The Ozone layer is here.

The Troposphere________________________________________
This is the lowest layer . This is also called the weather layer.
--/\______________/\____/\_______________|


Another thing that helps life on earth is the water. 71% of the earth is water. All living things need water to survive . Earth is the 5th largest planet in the Solar system making its gravitational pull not to strong or to weak. Earth also has a magnetic field because of the core. Scientist think that the magnetic field defends us from harmful rays.

Source: Brainpop    

Plate Tectonics

Scientists believe that millions of years ago all the continents were one big continent called a Pangaea .
Why do they think this? Because They found the same fossils of one species all over the world .
But the tectonic plates that the continents were on shifted moving the continents to where they are today.
The crust of the earth has many plates that move around on the mantle about 1 or two inches every year.
On the boundaries between the plates lots of stuff happen like volcanoes , mountains and trenches . The plates can do many stuff at the boundaries .Like


Divergent bounds
are plates boundaries where plates move apart .
Molten rock comes up and cools making more plate.

Convergent  bounds 
The plates along the boundaries move toward each other .
Sometimes one plate can move under the other.


Transform bounds
are where two plates move horizontally against each other

Me and my family watched the Croods recently and it had a lot plate movement in it .


Sources: Brainpop

Inside the Earth

The earth has three main parts. The crust the Mantle and the Core

Crust
The crust is the part of the earth we live on .

We can only see the upper part of the crust,

the lower part of the crust is solid rock . 

Mantle
The Mantle is the biggest part of the earth.

The upper mantle is sort of liquid-solid mixture

like hot clay. This lets the plates move and

make earthquakes. The lower mantle is a hot

solid mixture of Iron , Oxygen and other metals

and rocks. Both layers have these things in them.


Core
The core is the center of the earth . The outer

core is hot liquid molten metals . The inner core

is solid from all the pressure of the other layers.

It is made up of iron and metals.


Before the 1900's - 2000's there were many myths
of what was in the earth.


Sources: Brainpop

Light and earths size

today in science i learned about light and the earths size compared with the sun . first i will talk about light.
light:
 light can be two things :the first thing it can be is a wave and the second thing it can be is a particle . I'll tell you about waves first .when light is like a wave it sort of acts like a sound wave but not really . it is way faster than sound waves (the speed of light is 186,282 miles per second!)and it doesn't need a medium (something to go through like air or wood or glass ) light can travel through a vacuum (nothing, like space. i will get back to space later;) . when light  is like a particle it is like a train of particles moving as fast as light () called Photons . there are many types of light . there is visible light which is the light we see . red , orange , yellow , green , blue , violet and indigo . different colors bounce or get absorbed by different objects. and that how we see . there are also ultraviolet , infrared , radio, microwave and X-ray lights all of these are not visible or invisible. 


the suns and the earths size:

i am am now going to talk about the suns and the earths size . for me my town is huge. it about 26 square miles! and now thinking about the earth how huge that is ! its humungous !its surface area is 196.9 million sq miles! i can barely comprehend it! the earth is humungous but now let think about the sun . 1,000,000 Earths would fit inside the sun! (and all this time i thought the earth was huge (joke!))250 million Plutos would fit inside the Sun! the suns surface area is  2.3 trillion square miles! the sun is Gargantuan ! it weighs  4.4000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 ,000 pounds! its practicality impossible to comprehend !   the earth is 92,960,000 miles away from the sun! this is called an astronomical unit or AU for short. it take light eight minutes to travel from the sun to the earth ! it good that we are so far away so that we don't get burned up by the sun! about 512,000,000(512 million) suns can fit into Antares the red giant star ! Antares is big its large its huge its humungous its Massive its Gargantuan!s impossibly large for me to comprehend  ! and i thought my state was huge:) 4.5 billion suns can fit into NML cygni one of the largest stars known so far. now NML cygni is Galactic! (very very very very very very Gargantuan!) an i thought my town was huge!  :)