Light and earths size

today in science i learned about light and the earths size compared with the sun . first i will talk about light.
light:
 light can be two things :the first thing it can be is a wave and the second thing it can be is a particle . I'll tell you about waves first .when light is like a wave it sort of acts like a sound wave but not really . it is way faster than sound waves (the speed of light is 186,282 miles per second!)and it doesn't need a medium (something to go through like air or wood or glass ) light can travel through a vacuum (nothing, like space. i will get back to space later;) . when light  is like a particle it is like a train of particles moving as fast as light () called Photons . there are many types of light . there is visible light which is the light we see . red , orange , yellow , green , blue , violet and indigo . different colors bounce or get absorbed by different objects. and that how we see . there are also ultraviolet , infrared , radio, microwave and X-ray lights all of these are not visible or invisible. 


the suns and the earths size:

i am am now going to talk about the suns and the earths size . for me my town is huge. it about 26 square miles! and now thinking about the earth how huge that is ! its humungous !its surface area is 196.9 million sq miles! i can barely comprehend it! the earth is humungous but now let think about the sun . 1,000,000 Earths would fit inside the sun! (and all this time i thought the earth was huge (joke!))250 million Plutos would fit inside the Sun! the suns surface area is  2.3 trillion square miles! the sun is Gargantuan ! it weighs  4.4000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 ,000 pounds! its practicality impossible to comprehend !   the earth is 92,960,000 miles away from the sun! this is called an astronomical unit or AU for short. it take light eight minutes to travel from the sun to the earth ! it good that we are so far away so that we don't get burned up by the sun! about 512,000,000(512 million) suns can fit into Antares the red giant star ! Antares is big its large its huge its humungous its Massive its Gargantuan!s impossibly large for me to comprehend  ! and i thought my state was huge:) 4.5 billion suns can fit into NML cygni one of the largest stars known so far. now NML cygni is Galactic! (very very very very very very Gargantuan!) an i thought my town was huge!  :)

physics class univerity of virginia coursea

On Coursera I am taking another class on physics from the  Univerity of Virginia . The course or class is teaching me all about physics like: gravity, inertia, newtons laws, friction , coasting , rotation, angular rotation ,the right hand rule ,  ramps ,falling balls , seesaws , wheels (and how they make the force of friction lessen) and a lot of other things about physics it a good course. Here is the link:
 here

the lates book i have been readiang : books by Brandon Mull

lately i have been reading books by Brandon Mull. Brandon Mull was my dads room mate at BYU.   i have already read the Fabelhaven series and now i am reading his other series (i love them !):the candy shop wars and Beyonders. i have read both candy shop war books , two beyonders  and am now on the last book of the Beyonders . the beyonders is about this boy called Jason who was one day swallowed by a hippo,but instead of being digested he slid through a tunnel and came out in another world called Lyrian . there he wants to go home but by accident ends up opposing the evil emperor Maldor . Maldor has a lot of power and tracks Jason down wherever he goes with evil shadows called Lurkers . Jason meets a rebel in secret hiding called Galloran . he also meet another person from his world (which people from Lyrian call the Beyond)called Rachel . Jason,Rachel, Galloran and other trusty servants start a rebellion in secret by pursing a deadly word that is said to destroy Maldor . after a lot of struggling Jason at last spoke the word in the presence of Maldor .BUT IT WAS FAKE . after Jason said it it was erased from his memory and he is put in the dungeons . but escapes and gets back to his world . that's the end of the first book . in the second book Jason goes back to Lyrian and tells Galloran and Rachel that the word is false . so they all go gathering supporters . then they go to a Oracle that tells them what to do and that's the end of the second book . the third book is just now itching to be read so bye !.

the Rise of the Guardians drawings

i watched the rise of the guardians recently with my family . it was awesome ! i loved it . my favorite characters were Jack frost , Bunnymund and North . i liked them so much i drew some pictures of them here they are

                                                   here's Bunnymund the easter bunny i drew this for Easter.

                                                   me and my family had a great Easter .my mom comes from Bulgaria
and in Bulgaria they have a tradition to knock hard-boiled eggs  and see which one cracks the other .

                                               here's North or Santa .i actually have his handwriting . last Christmas i gave him a present and he gave me his handwriting

and last but not least Jack Frost who gave me some from fun in the snow .my best friend's favorite character is Jack

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

he is also the main character

 

 

 

 

 

the emperors of Brazil

right i know, there is no such thing ....but yes there is the first emperor of Brazil was called Pedro I . Pedro grew up in Brazil but his dad was king of Portugal , back then Brazil was a Portuguese colony.
when Pedro was 23 his dad made him leader over Brazil . when Pedro became  24  he declarerd  independence from Portugal and his dad . know  Pedro was emperor of Brazil. his country is very hard to rule. he is against slavery but  slave owners and plantations owners love slavery . because they get loads of money from it. so he couldn't get rid of slavery in a snap ! there were lots of other groups of people and they did not along together . they fought and argued. Pedro I was trying to keep control of a vast , arguing empire and it was not easy . he sent his soldiers here and there to stop revolts .  it was a busy job . and most citizens  hated him . they thought he was still to loyal Portugal
and the Brazilians that were still loyal to Portugal (the one that had made most of the revolts in Brazil) hated him for breaking off from Portugal. the slave-owners hated him because he hated slavery . at last his people made him go away. he got into the fist ship heading for Portugal with his family and his belongings and sailed away toward his father. but he left his 5-year-old son in Brazil. Pedro II. his advisers ruled Brazil until he was old enough . when Pedro II became 15 he got control of the empire of Brazil . it turned out to be hard to rule ( just like his dad experienced ) there were 5 different groups of people in Brazil . 1st the Portuguese noblemen and slave-owners . 2nd the American immigrant-slave-owners-Ex-plantation-owners . 3rd European immigrants. 4th the native Brazilians (which were treated poorly)and 5th the African slaves. Pedro believed that all the groups had to live in harmony together, all earn a good living and get a good education , if the country was going to stand. he wanted to make them to live in harmony. but this was going to be very hard . he started to make Brazil more modern . he made more and more factories schools and railroads. he traveled to Europe and America. he used the telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell  . he liked the telephone so much he ordered on to be put in his summer house . Pedro came back to Brazil allied with Argentina and Uruguay and fought against Paraguay in the War of the Triple Alliance. after the war Pedro set about abolishing slavery . but slave-owners did not want this to happen . so it took a long time before it was  abolished . at last in 1888 Pedro made slavery illegal . Pedro had made Brazil a more modern and easier place to live . but lost of Brazilians started to argue with Pedro II they said they wanted a Constitution and not a king . in 1889 Pedro left to Paris where he died the same time the Constitution was made .                                                                                 

the plum puding model and Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

the plum pudding model of the atom was that electrons (negatively charged) were stuck in a mass of positive charged stuff . we know it is wrong , but here is how someone proved it wrong . Ernest Rutherford was doing a experiment  in which he took gold foil and something that flashes when it is hit by Alpha  particles.
then he and his team took that something  that flashes when hit bye Alpha particles and bend it into a circle. Then he put the golden foil in the middle of the circle taking an Alpha gun, he shot Alpha particles at the gold foil.

What he saw was that most of the time the particles went through the gold foil. This made him think that the atom was mostly empty space.

But sometimes the alpha particles bounced off the foil at different angles or came back. This made him think that there was something in the middle of the atom that was hard enough to make the particles bounce back and that it might be positive charged.(we know that this is the nucleus)  That is how he proved the plum pudding model wrong .  

Recent happenings According to my moms iPhone

A lot has been happening lately so here's some pictures to document it

We go swimming three times a week with my mom and brother and sister. I usually swim between half a mile and a mile. My favorite stroke is backstroke I also read all the harry potter books in one week. Very interesting.
To play soccer to have practices in the game twice times a week. I love it
I'm also taking a computer online class about building your own robot. It is from the math is really hard but my dad helps me and it's fun that way.