beach and clams

today me and my family went to the beach with some friends and they thought us to go clamming . we found ten clams but they weren't very big we got hungry so we went back to the camp to eat . after we ate we went to play in the water i swam a bit . after that we found a hermit grab and started to make a place for him to stay while we were digging out sand we found two clams good sized ones . so we kept digging and while we were digging we saw a clam jump ! it really jumped ! we kept a eye on them for a bit when one of our friends found a moon snail we but it with the clams and it started to go on top of one as if it were eating it ! we took it of quickly and put it in a separate place . i kept an eye on the clams and snail while everyone else kept digging and finding more clams . while i was watching one clam started to dig under i quickly pulled it out .we kept finding clams and snails . we found two more hermits and now had three . sooner or later there was no space to put more sea creatures in so we moved the to a much wider and bigger place . but it led to the ocean so me and my brother built a large wall with rocks and sand so no one could escape . we dug and dug and found twenty-one clams seven snails and seven hermits . we kept an eye on them and sometimes they jumped and sometimes dug under whenever they dug under we had to grab them so they wouldn't escape . but some times we just watched them to see what the would do it was fun and fascinating  time at the beach

here is my sister with some moonsnails

here is a hole where we put the hermits

here are the clams

here are all  the creatures we found at the beach

here is my brother making the wall

Thirty years war

the Spanish general  Don Ambrosio Spinola

Ferdinand the second holy roman emperor  

The thirty years war was a conflict between most of Europe .it started out as a religious war and ended out as a war for power and land .here's how it started . There were many German states in the holy roman empire and some of them were Protestant or Luther and some were Catholic .so there started to be tensions between the states and it seemed they were going to fight each other .so the holy roman emperor ( a devout Catholic ) quickly made a law that said all states can worship whatever they want. but that didn't work because in 1618 the bohemian ( now part of the czech republic ) revolt began. the Protestant bohemians did not like there Catholic rulers and a group of them threw two catholic noble men or prague castle window ! what they did was called the defenestration of Prague which means throwing someone out the window . after that the bohemian noble men chose Protestant Frederick to be there king and he became allies with the ottomans by sending Ambassadors to Istanbul . The ottomans in return send ambassadors to prague . The ottomans attacked Poland won a few battles then lost one and withdrew from the war after that they stopped there alliance with bohemia . Catholic holy roman emperor Ferdinand became emperor in 1619 and send his army to bohemia . in 1 year defeated the bohemians .Frederick fled to Protestant Netherlands .now bohemia was Catholic . Spain entered the war in 1621. (Here are the reasons they enters the war . #1 because Ferdinand the II war a member of the Hapsburg family which included Spain and Austria #2 because they wanted power and they thought if they helped the holy roman empire he would give them some power ) on the empires side and attacked the Netherlands in 4 years Netherlands asked Denmark and England to help the English could not help much because they were in the middle of a civil war . Under Christian IV Denmark attacked the northern holy roman empire and took some land .Then Denmark asked France to help even though France was Catholic it helped Denmark because it's enemy's were the Hapsburg's the combined army of the French and the Danes took more land . So Ferdinand the II holy roman emperor made Tilly and Wallenstein his generals and Tilly marched towards the Danes while

Gustavus Adolphus

Wallenstein marched towards a Protestant German army . The Danes were defeated because France were in a civil war ( the war with the Protestant Huguenots ) and England was also in the middle of a civil war . The Germans were also defeated at the battle of Dessau bridge . The swedes enters the war under Gustavus Adolphus  ( here are the reasons the swedes entered the war • Gustavus wanted to become Holy roman emperor
• the swedes thought that the Hapsburg's were to powerful
• the swedes wanted to help the Protestant cause ) and won many battles there biggest victory was the battle of Breitenfeld but at the battle of Lützen Gustavus was killed and the swedes withdrew a year or so later . After that the French kept fighting they lost to the Spanish at the starting but defeated them later the .Danes helped the Spanish fight the French after they were conquered by Tilly . The war ended with the peace treaty of Westphalia . after the war France became the most powerful european nation . Many people died during the war not only the soldiers but civilians to . The war nearly halved the population of most German states .

Cardinal de Richelieu of France 

Wallenstien the Catholic  general 

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

Gustavus Adolphus was the king of Sweden during the thirty years . war he was a great military general Napoleon of France thought that he was one of the greatest generals of all time ! His army's cannons were not big and cumbersome but lighter and movable and his Calvary ( called Hakkapeliitta ) were very good at charging . Gustavus Adoulphus was the only Swedish monarch to be called the " the Great " . He was king during the golden age of Sweden he was killed at the battle of lützen . He was probably the best swedish king . In Minnesota there is a college named after him .

Gustavus Adolphus on his horse

Gustavus Adolphus the II of sweden

Gustavus Adolphus the Great

Hakkapeliitta

Hakkapeliitta's were light Finnish Calvary . there name came from there battle cry " hakkaa päälle " which means " cut them down ! " they were under command of the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus and used during the thirty years war and led to most swedish victories . They were very good at charging and guerilla attack they were also used to fight the Danish heres how they charged first they fired there pistol then rode towards the enemy full speed and when they were close to the enemy they fired again and when they were super close they drew there sword and fought hand to hand combat . they also used there horses to trample enemy intrantfy

The ship of the line

The ship of the line is a ship used for war it fights in a way called line of battle the line of battle is when two long lines of ships fight each other to win it mostly depends on which fleet has bigger , stronger and more guns so ship of the lines were just like that and won most line battles after steam was invented the ship of the line stopped using sails and started to use propellers but. They fought in the same way . After the ironclad was invented the ship of the line became obsolete

Stealth

During world War II when fighting was mostly in the sky's A/A ( anti-aircraft guns ) were invented to shoot down the aircrafts here's how they worked .
The anti-aircraft gun shot out radar rays and when those rays hit a big object like propellers and wings of a aircraft they bounce back to the A/A and will tell them how big the aircraft is,what shape and were it is so the A/A will know if it is a aircraft and we're it is so the A/A can shoot it down . Thats how it works . Now during the late 1900s people started to invent aircrafts that won't be visible to the radar here's how it works . The aircrafts surface was smooth and it had top secret deflects radar paint all over it and RAM
( radar absorbent materiel ) on it and it's shape was hard to detect and it had radar jamming materiel on it to . All these things helped the stealth aircraft be able to get past radar and into enemy territory . This is a stealth bomber