Sky raiders Five kingdoms

I recently finished reading Sky raiders Five kingdoms by Brandon Mull. Its about this boy from earth and his friends getting sucked into another world - planet. They have a tremendous adventure. I don't want to spoil the surprise but here is some of it. The boy's name is Cole. He wanted to save his Friends. They became slaves. Cole tried to save them but he got Caught to. He was sold to a man who worked with the Sky Raiders. They were a group of people who raided clouds that had castles on them. Sometimes the castles were dangerous sometimes they were safe. The raiders wanted to get gold and valuables from the castles. Then they would sell the goods for food and money. Cole and some of his friends escaped and became free. This was a summary of some of the book. Brandon Mull is a good writer.     

Pytheas the explorer

Pytheas was a man born in southern France. He acted like a Greek but he was not from Greece. The Greeks were the best civilization in Mediterranean Europe. So Pytheas considered himself a Greek. He was a merchant of tin and amber ( something like sap fossilized ). He traveled to England to trade. There are many routes he might have taken. But the two main ones are going through the Gibraltar strait and head north. Or go through France and then sail to England. He would have used many types of boats like the Greek trading vessel or warship and Celtic ships. When he got to England he traded his stuff. Then he kept going north to Scotland. He explored the villages in Scotland. Then he went farther north to Iceland or Norway. He went farther north to the Arctic ocean. The way he went north was with a stick in level ground and measured the length of the shadow. The more he went north the bigger the shadow got because the sun got lower and lower in the sky. After he reached the Arctic he went back home.

It is crazy to think that a Greek went to the Arctic.  








Sources: Into the Unknown . by Stewart ross , Wiki

Uhtred the Bold of Northumbria

Uhtred was the Earl of Northumbria. Me and my family are related to him. We are also related to many kings of England. Their descendants took ships to America. When Uhtred's father (Waltheof I) was still earl the Scots Attacked Northumbria. The king of England ( Ethelred )could not send help to Northumbria because the Danes were attacking southern England. Waltheof I was weak so he could not go fight the Scots. So his son Uhtred went out and gathered his army. Then he went and beat the Scots. Ethelred was so happy with him he made him Earl even though his father was still alive. After a while Sweyn of Denmark attacked England and took it over. Uhtred was under Danish rule. Sweyn became king when he exiled Ethelred to Normandy. Sweyn died soon after he became king of England. Ethelred came back and ruled England again. Uhtred became his Friend again. Uhtred went to take over some shire's close by with the prince Edmund II. But while he was Away one of his places got attacked by Cnut of Denmark. He gave him money and called him king of England because his army was to strong. Cnut told him to come to a meeting.Uhtred went on his way with some men. But he was attacked and he and some of his party was killed by Thurbrand. Uhtred was succeeded by Eadwulf his brother. Cnut took some of Northumbria by putting a Scandinavian leader on that part. Uhtred and Thurbands Descendants killed each other back and forth. Uthred's son killed Thurband and so on. There were many blood feuds like this back then in northern Europe.


sources: wiki

Winnetou

I have recently finished reading the first book of Winnetou. It is by Karl May a German writer. It was about a German Immigrant that became a Experienced westerner and becomes a friend with a Native American.

Story:
The story starts with the German Immigrant ( Charles ) in America. He is a babysitter. But then a gunsmith finds out that he can ride a horse and do other western things very good. So they sent him to a place in Arizona to Survey the land and get it ready for a railroad. Charles went to Arizona with a group of Westerners and Survey men. He was called a greenhorn. ( which means he is new to something ) He worked and Worked while the rest of the Survey team was lazy. Other Survey teams were leaving. Charles got into a fight and knocked out the a Westerner. This gave him the nickname Old Shatterhand. He went on a Buffalo hunt and killed his first buffalo. Then he went and Caught a Mustang -Mule. He Kept working. One day they went to the place where He had shot the Buffalo. They found a Grizzly Bear. Everyone else ran away from it, But Old Shatterhand shot the Grizzly in the Eyes and stabbed it and killed. Then a white man who had lived with the Native Americans , a great Chief of the Apaches and his son came upon the whites camp. The Chief told the leader of the Surveyors to leave this place because he owned it. The white man who lived with the Native Americans told Old Shatterhand to be a friend with Winnetou the chiefs son. Then the Westerner that Old Shatterhand had knocked out shot the white man who lived with the Native Americans. The chief and his son left to get a army to fight the Whites. Old Shatterhand found some Kiowas ( Enemy's of the Apaches ) and told them to bring many soldiers to his camp. They came and waited the Arrival of the Apaches. They came and lost the battle. The chief and Winnetou were taken captive. Old Shatterhand freed them. They went back to there own land to get more warriors. The Apaches came and took the camp over. They made the alive Whites Prisoners to be put to death. Old Shatterhand was to try to swim across a river before the Apache chief hit him with a Tomahawk. Old Shatterhand pretended that he barley knew how to swim and when he hit water he dived under. Then he swam underwater upstream. Then came out at a overhanging. Everyone though he had drowned and they searched down stream for him. He swam to the other side and said he won . The Apache chief was mad and he ran after him. He threw the Tomahawk and missed. Then Old Shatterhand knocked him out. They said Old Shatterhand had won and he and his three friends were free. But the murder of the white man who had lived with the Native Americans was to be killed. They killed him and buried the white man who had lived with the Native Americans. Old Shatterhand became a friend of the Native Americans. They went back to the east. There some thief killed the Chief. Winnetou and Old Shatterhand set out to revenge the death. THE END of Winnetou 1

The Shoshone

The Shoshone were a Native American tribe. They spoke Shosoni. It is a Uto-Aztec language. Uto-Aztec was a language that was in western U.S.A and Mexico.

History
The people who lived in the Area before the Shoshone were called Paiute. The Shoshone built Houses high up. As high as 10,000 feet! The Shoshone were dived into three main groups.

                   Eastern Shoshone : Wyoming, Colorado & Montana
                  Western Shoshone: Oregon, Idaho and Utah
                   Northern Shoshone: Idaho, Wyoming and Utah

The Eastern Shoshone crossed the rocky mountains and settled in the Great Plains. But then they were pushed away by many tribes like the Blackfoot. Some of these Became the Comanche. Then the Americans came. The Shoshone had lived with Spanish and Mexicans but the Americans were different. The First were Explores like Lewis and Clark, Then the Mormons came. They Settled in Utah. They made Peaceful terms with the Shoshone. Many more whites came because of the Gold rush in California. But then the United States of America Army came. They came and took land. They gave land to the Eastern Shoshone though. Pocatello and other chiefs send raiders on the whites roads like the Oregon trail. The Mormons gave them food. But then the U.S army interfered and the Shoshone were starving. They attacked white farms and stole. The United States of America Army fought and stopped the raids. The Shoshone gathered and stood ready to Fight the army. Pocatello ran away with his tribe before the Army got there. But other Shoshone tribes stayed and got massacred by the United States of America Army. This is know as the bear river massacre. The Rest of the Shoshone went into reservations. The U.S. Government gave rotten food and bad supplies to the Shoshone in the reservations. The Shoshone were dying from sickness and starvation. Pocatello took his tribe to the Mormons. The Shoshone tribe became Mormon. But other whites did not like the Shoshone in Utah and asked the United States of America Army to drive them out. They threatened to and Pocatello went back to his reservation. He died in 1884 on the reservation. The Shoshone continued to live in a terrible situation. They revolted and this led to the Bannock war. During the Early 1900's the Shoshone got American Citizenship. 

Pocatello

Pocatello was a Shoshone chief. He was born in Utah. He grew up with the name Tonaioza. He became a great warrior and chief. He still kept the name Tonaioza or Buffalo robe. Pocatello is what the whites called them. It meant road-not-to follow. But it was not Shoshone.    

sources: Civilopedia. wiki

Saint Patrick's day

Today is  Saint Patrick's day!

History
 Maewyn Succat ( that was Saint Patrick's name) was born in Britain to a rich Christian family. Half of Britain was under Roman control back then. So he was actually Roman! Maewyn was actually not Christian himself. He was stolen by Irish Barbarians when he was 16 and brought to Ireland. He worked for a chief as a slave and there he converted to Christianity. Later he ran away and found a Ship. He persuaded the Captain to let him on and they set sail. The ship landed in Britan. Everyone on it got out. They Traveled for a long time in the wild with nothing to eat. Maewyn urged them to put their faith in Christianity. Then they found pigs. They killed them and ate them. They also found honey. They had food and water as they traveled through the land where there were no people. Then they found people and Maewyn found his Father and Mother. He Stayed with them for years learning Christianity. But then he Changed his name to +Patrick+  and traveled back to Ireland as a missionary. He converted many to Christainty and Churches were made when he left. He was called a Saint. He died on March 17. Today. 
 
What they do now
Present day people celebrate it by Wearing green , Parades , Parties, Dieing rivers green and Going to Church. When the Hundreds of Irish immigrated form Ireland to America during the Potato famine they brought the tradition with them. Today there are More Irish in USA then in Ireland itself .

What we do 
We wear Green and eat Kerrygold Irish grass-fed aged 2 years full-fat sharp cheddar.

The viking sword and Exploration

The Viking sword +ULFBERH+T
 We recently learned about the +ULFBERH+T sword. It is a sword that has crucible steel in it. It is a steel that has very few dots and slags as they call them in it. It is better then other steel of its time. To make it you would have to heat the iron and coal to a very high temperature, and in Europe it seemed that no one could do it. But in the middle east there was swords made with crucible steel. This means that the Vikings must have gone to there and got the Crucible steel. Historians think that they went on the Volga trade route. This is a route from Sweden to Iran it is mostly on water. It goes along the Volga river and lakes. Then it goes to the Caspian sea and past it into modern-day Iran and Iraq. Vikings might have got Crucible steel from here. I think they did and so do others. Then they would have gone back to Scandinavia in small rowboats. There they would shape the steel into the sword. But the inscription of +ULFBERH+T is still a mystery. No one knows who Ulfberht was. Christian Abbots and Popes put a cross in front of their name. Maybe this was a Christian Abbot who had made it. But the Christians were forbidden to Trade with the Pagan Vikings. Maybe a Christan viking had made it. Or maybe just a Viking had made it. Or it was a brand name. But it showed that the sword was made with Crucible steel. Other Ulfberht swords were made but they did not have Crucible steel in them. They were fakes. They had the letters +ULFBERHT+ on them. Someone was trying to copy +ULFBERH+T. If you had a +ULFBERH+T sword you would be highly honored as a great and rich warrior. +ULFBERH+T Swords were like the best kind of weapons. 

Exploration
The Vikings who originated in Scandinavia, explored from North America to Pakistan.
They were great explores on sea. They were not the best on land though. Proof that they had gone to North America and Pakistan is real. A viking ruins was found in North America and Statues of Buddha were found in Viking graves. The Vikings also went to Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland,  Israel, Constantinople, Italy, Spain, Morocco, Russia, France, England, Ireland,Greece, Iraq and Iran. Like you probably know Vikings did not have horns on their helmets and there are also peaceful and economic vikings.

Malaysia plane disappearing

key: |  | last contact |  | where it started |  | destination

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappeared over the gulf of Thailand 2 days ago. It had 239 people on board. Most of them were Chinese. The whole crew was Malaysian. There was 3 Americans. There was also 2 Ukrainians and 1 Russian. I think this is connected to the Crimea crisis. 2 passengers had stolen some passports and their country is Iran. The person who bought the tickets for the Iranian passengers is from Iran. One of the unknown passengers is black. It might have been Terrorism. Malaysia, China, The U.S.A and others send ships, Planes and helicopters to search. Vietnam said that the plane crashed in the sea but Malaysia denied the claim. The search for this Aircraft is still on.

Crimea Crisis and The Ukrainian revolt

Ukrainian Revolt
This Revolt happened not to long ago. It was
between the Ukrainian government and the People

Cause
Ukraine was going to make a deal with Europe. But then Russia came and told Ukraine to make a deal with them. The Ukrainian President was more Russian in a sense. When Russia saw that Ukraine was going to make a deal with Europe they stepped in and said Ukraine should make the deal with them ( because Ukraine had lots of natural gas ) . Now the Russian leaning President made the deal. The more European leaning people of Ukraine Revolted and overthrew the Russian leaning President in his place they put a more Democratic President.

result
Russia saw what happened and they still wanted power in Ukraine. So they occupied Crimea.

Crimea Crisis
This is the Crisis in Crimea. Russia has occupied Crimea with military. The Ukrainian Gov just let Russia do it. Its a crisis because if any other country tried to interfere with force WWIII would break out and if no one dose anything then Russia would get braver and maybe take all of Ukraine. Then they would take more countries and WWIII would break out. So it tricky. But other countries can Embargo and they should. Crimea know is part of Russia. U.S.A and other countries do not recognize it.

my sister drew the N's and the O's

In desert and wilderness.

I recently finished reading this book called In desert and wilderness.
This book is about two European descent children who live in Egypt while the Suez canal was being built because their fathers were engineers working on it. The children get captured and are taken through east Africa. They endure many hard ships. I will make a summary of the book right now:


These two children called Stas and Nell lived in Egypt with their fathers. But one day they got kidnapped by some Sudanese and Arabs. These people were faithful to this Mahdi or religious leader who wants to take over the world. But he was only in Sudan fighting the Egyptians. The Egyptians had colonized Sudan because the British had ordered it. The Egyptian government was a protectorate of the British. Stas and Nell rode camel back over desert and jungle to Sudan where they met the Mahdi. The Mahdi asked them to follow him. Stas replied no and The Mahdi ordered them on a journey to another city that was ruled by the Mahdi. The journey was harsh like the desert jouney. When they got there they were told to meet with another Sudanese man named Smain. They went into the jungle to searched for him. When they met a lion the Arabs and the Sudanese did not know how to shoot a new rifle that belonged to Stas. They had took it from him. Stas took the Rifle and shot the Lion then he shot the Arabs and Sudanese. Stas and Nell procided with a Mastiff and two slaves that had belonged too Nell and the Sudanese. They went along through the Eastern Congo. Eating antelopes and whatever game they could find. They also ate fruit. They found an Elephant trapped by rock and tamed him. Nell got a fever and Stas found a Swiss man that had Medicine for fever. The Swiss man then died. Stas blew up the rock and freed the elephant. Stas and Nell found a mountain and went into it it had plenty of provisions. They lived there and sent kites made of paper that the Swiss had given  them and made out of fish bladder membranes. Then they went on eastward towards the Indian Ocean. They passed through many Villages with black people and scared them into submission with guns and the elephant. Then they helped the people of one of their friends( the slaves left over from the Sudanese) Then they got hundreds of men from the village and set of for the coast. But they came to a place where no water was and they soon ran out of water. They almost died. But a kite had been found by a European led caravan. They saved the day. When they had been fed and they drunk water they went to sleep. They met their Fathers on a coastal city for a message had been sent that they were still alive.

THE END

The inventors of the light bulb

The inventor of the first lamp was Humphry davy.

The Inventor of the first light bulb is thought by many to be Joseph swan. There were many inventors of lamps and things before him too. Lots of you think Edison made it. But Edison just improved it. Swan agreed to let Edison say he made it in America . but swan could keep the Right in Britain.